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炎症性肠病是一类以肠黏膜反复炎症为特征的慢性肠道疾病，传统口服药物存在靶向性差、稳定性低和病灶部位有效浓度不足等问题。壳聚糖作为天然多糖，具有良好的生物相容性、降解性及响应性，构建的纳米凝胶递送体系可负载多种生物活性物质，提高药物在炎症部位的局部浓度，增强疗效并减少全身副作用。本文综述了基于壳聚糖的纳米凝胶递送体系在治疗炎症性肠病中的研究进展，总结了壳聚糖纳米凝胶的构建策略、递送机制及负载物质类型。壳聚糖纳米凝胶的构建有离子交联、化学交联、自组装等多种方法且各有优劣，pH值响应、酶响应、活性氧响应等多种递送机制为壳聚糖纳米凝胶提供广泛的应用空间，搭载蛋白质、核酸、益生菌等生物活性物质可以从抑制炎症通路、调节肠道菌群、消除活性氧等多方面实现缓解炎症的作用。本综述为壳聚糖纳米凝胶递送体系在炎症性肠病精准治疗中的应用提供理论参考。
Abstract：Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by recurrent intestinal mucosal inflammation. Traditional oral drugs suffer from limitations such as poor targeting,low stability,and insufficient therapeutic concentrations at lesion sites. Chitosan,a natural polysaccharide,possesses excellent biocompatibility,biodegradability,and stimuli-responsiveness. Chitosan-based nanogel delivery systems can encapsulate various bioactive substances,thereby enhancing local drug accumulation at inflammatory sites,improving therapeutic effcacy,and reducing systemic side effects. This review summarized recent research progress in chitosan-based nanogel delivery systems for IBD treatment,focusing on their construction strategies,delivery mechanisms,and types of loaded cargo. Ionic crosslinking,chemical crosslinking,and self-assembly represented the primary formulation methods,each presenting distinct advantages and limitations. Furthermore,stimulusresponsive delivery mechanisms such as pH-responsive,enzyme-responsive and reactive oxygen species-responsive expanded their substantial potential for targeted applications. Encapsulating bioactive substances such as proteins,nucleic acids,and probiotics enabled these nanogels to alleviate inflammation through multiple pathways,including inhibiting inflammatory signaling cascades,regulating intestinal microbiota,and scavenging ROS. Ultimately,this review provides a theoretical foundation and reference for the application of chitosan-based nanogel delivery systems in the precise treatment of IBD.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19804/j.issn1006-2513.2026.9.017
中图分类号:R574;TQ427.26;TB383.1
引用信息:
[1]任芮瑶,周义冉,石雨欣,等.基于壳聚糖的纳米凝胶递送体系在治疗炎症性肠病的研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂,2026,37(09):136-145.DOI:10.19804/j.issn1006-2513.2026.9.017.
基金信息:
泉州市科技计划项目（2024QZC006QR）
2026-03-27
2026
2026-04-27
2026-04-28
2026
1
2026-09-02
2026-09-02
2026-09-02